T-RPMS Header
T-RPMS Home  |   Editorial Board  |   T-RPMS in IEEE Xplore  |   Early Access  |    Manuscript Submission
FEATURED STORIES - JANUARY 2019

Advances in Computational Human Phantoms and Their Applications in Biomedical Engineering-A Topical Review

by Wolfgang Kainz, Esra Neufeld, Wesley E. Bolch, Christian G. Graff, Chan Hyeong Kim, Niels Kuster, Bryn Lloyd, Tina Morrison, Paul Segars, Yeon Soo Yeom, Maria Zankl, X. George Xu, and Benjamin M. W. Tsui
article 1 photo
Over the past decades, significant improvements have been made in the field of computational human phantoms (CHPs) and their applications in biomedical engineering. Their sophistication has dramatically increased. The very first CHPs were composed of simple geometric volumes, e.g., cylinders and spheres, while current CHPs have a high resolution, cover a substantial range of the patient population, have high anatomical accuracy, are poseable, morphable, and are augmented with various details to perform functionalized computations. Advances in imaging techniques and semiautomated segmentation tools allow fast and personalized development of CHPs. These advances open the door to quickly develop personalized CHPs, inherently including the disease of the patient. more...
-----------------------

Development of a Library of Adult Computational Phantoms Based on Anthropometric Indexes

by Azadeh Akhavanallaf, Tianwu Xie, and Habib Zaidi
article 2 photo
Computational phantom libraries have been developed over the years to enhance the accuracy of Monte Carlo-based radiation dose calculations from radiological procedures. In this paper, we report on the development of an adult computational anthropomorphic phantom library covering different body morphometries among the 20–80 years old population. The anatomical diversities of different populations are modeled based on anthropometric parameters extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, including standing height, total weight, and body mass index. Organ masses were modified to match the corresponding data. The ICRP reference male and female models were selected as anchor phantoms. A computer code was developed for adjusting standing height and percentage of fat free mass of anchor phantoms by 3-D scaling. The waist circumference and total body mass were further adjusted. The diversity of organ masses due to anthropometric differences deviates from the mean values by about 3%–21%, while this deviation exceeds 50% for genital organs. Thereafter, organ-level absorbed doses from both internal and external radiation exposure conditions were estimated. A total of 479 phantoms corresponding to seven age groups were constructed for both genders, thus fulfilling the criteria for representing a diverse adult population with different anthropomorphic and anatomical characteristics. more...  
-----------------------

Modeling "Textured" Bones in Virtual Human Phantoms

by Ehsan Abadi, William P. Segars, Gregory M. Sturgeon, Brian Harrawood, Anuj Kapadia, and Ehsan Samei
image for article 3
The purpose of this paper was to develop detailed and realistic models of the cortical and trabecular bones in the spine, ribs, and sternum and incorporate them into the library of virtual human phantoms [extended cardiac-torso (XCAT)]. Cortical bone was modeled by 3-D morphological erosion of XCAT homogenously defined bones with an average thickness measured from the computed tomography (CT) dataset upon which each individual XCAT phantom was based. The trabecular texture was modeled using a power law synthesis algorithm, where the parameters were tuned using high-resolution anatomical images of the Human Visible Female. The synthesized bone textures were added into the XCAT phantoms. To qualitatively evaluate the improved realism of the bone modeling, CT simulations of the XCAT phantoms were acquired with and without the textured bone modeling. The 3-D power spectrum of the anatomical images exhibited a power law behavior ( R2=0.84 ), as expected in fractal and porous textures. more...
-----------------------

Incorporation of the Living Heart Model Into the 4-D XCAT Phantom for Cardiac Imaging Research

by W. Paul Segars, Alexander I. Veress, Gregory M. Sturgeon, and Ehsan Samei
image for article 4
The 4-D extended cardiac-torso (XCAT) phantom has provided a valuable tool to study the effects of anatomy and motion on medical images, especially cardiac motion. One limitation of the XCAT was that it did not have a physiological basis which to realistically simulate variations in cardiac function. In this paper, we incorporate into the XCAT anatomy the four-chamber finite element (FE) living heart model (LHM) developed by the living heart project. The LHM represents the state of the art in cardiac FE simulation because of its ability to accurately replicate the biomechanical motion of the entire heart and its variations. We create a new series of 4-D phantoms capable of simulating patients with varying body sizes and shapes; cardiac positions, orientations, and dynamics. more...
-----------------------

Development of a Customizable Hepatic Arterial Tree and Particle Transport Model for Use in Treatment Planning

by Nathan R. Crookston, George S. K. Fung, and Eric C. Frey
image for article 4
Optimal treatment planning for radioembolization of hepatic cancers produces sufficient dose to tumors for control and dose to normal liver parenchyma that is below the threshold for toxicity. The nonuniform distribution of particles in liver microanatomy complicates the planning process as different functional regions receive different doses. Having realistic and patient-specific models of the arterial tree and microsphere trapping would be useful for developing more optimal treatment plans. We propose a macrocell-based growth method to generate models of the hepatic arterial tree from the proper hepatic artery to the terminal arterioles supplying the capillaries in the parenchyma. We show how these trees can be adapted to match patient values of pressure, flow, and vessel diameters while still conforming to laws controlling vessel bifurcation, changes in pressure, and blood flow. more...
-----------------------
T-RPMS headerT-RPMS header

A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE NUCLEAR AND PLASMA SCIENCES SOCIETY

JANUARY 2019  |  VOLUME 3  |  NUMBER 1  |  ITRPFI  |  (SSN 2469-7311)

REVIEW ARTICLE
Advances in Computational Human Phantoms and Their Applications in Biomedical Engineering—A Topical Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. Kainz, E. Neufeld, W. E. Bolch,  C. G. Graff,   C. H. Kim,  N. Kuster,  B. Lloyd,  T. Morrison, P. Segars, Y. S. Yeom, M. Zankl, X. G. Xu, and B. M. W. Tsui

SELECTED PAPERS FROM 6TH INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON COMPUTATIONAL HUMAN PHANTOMS (CP-2017)
AUGUST 27-30, 2017, ANNAPOLIS, MD, USA
Introducing the Concept of Potential-Based Organ Contours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Becker and M. Fedrigo
Development of a Customizable Hepatic Arterial Tree and Particle Transport Model for Use in Treatment Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. R. Crookston, G. S. K. Fung, and E. C. Frey
Planar Computational Phantom for Modeling First-Pass Scintigraphic Measurement of Right Ventricular Ejection Fraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. V. Bonta and J. N. Aarsvold
Age-Specific Experimental and Computational Calibration of Thyroid in vivo Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T. Beaumont, P. Onoma, M. Rimlinger, D. Broggio, P. C. Ideias, and D. Franck
Modeling “Textured” Bones in Virtual Human Phantoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Abadi, W. P. Segars, G. M. Sturgeon, B. Harrawood, A. Kapadia, and E. Samei
Incorporation of the Living Heart Model Into the 4-D XCAT Phantom for Cardiac Imaging Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. P. Segars, A. I. Veress, G. M. Sturgeon, and E. Samei
Transitional Epithelium of Urinary Bladder: Dosimetric Data for Cells at Risk in Nuclear Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K. F. Eckerman and K. G. Veinot
Development of a Library of Adult Computational Phantoms Based on Anthropometric Indexes . . . . A. Akhavanallaf, T. Xie, and H. Zaidi
Reducing the Memory Requirements of High Resolution Voxel Phantoms by Means of a Binary Tree Data Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Badal and A. Badano
A Feasibility Study to Reduce Misclassification Error in Occupational Dose Estimates for Epidemiological Studies Using Body Size-Dependent Computational Phantoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. Kim, L. Chang, E. Mosher, C. Lee, and C. Lee
Task-Based Evaluation of Image Reconstruction Methods for Defect Detection and Radiation Dose Reduction in Myocardial Perfusion SPECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . T.-S. Lee and B. M. W. Tsui
Phantom and Preclinical Studies for Image Improvement in Clinical CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. V. Slavine, R. W. McColl, O. K. Oz, J. Guild, J. A. Anderson, and R. E. Lenkinski


Home | Contact & Support | Accessibility | Nondiscrimination Policy | Feedback | Privacy and Opting Out of Cookies

© Copyright 2019 IEEE – All rights reserved. Use of this website signifies your agreement to the IEEE Terms and Conditions. A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity.

If you have questions about this mailing, or need assistance, please direct your inquiries to the IEEE Contact Center. Replies to this message do not reach IEEE.

If you would like to be removed from this email distribution, please Response: Unsubscribe from List]. If you have unsubscribed in error, please [Response: Subscribe to List].