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| T-RPMS Home | Editorial Board | T-RPMS in IEEE Xplore | Early Access | Manuscript Submission | ||
| FEATURED STORIES - NOVEMBER 2017 | ||
Pushing the Limits in Time-of-Flight PET Imagingby P. Lecoq There is an increasing demand for high sensitivity multiparametric medical imaging approaches. High precision time-of-flight positron emission tomography (TOFPET) scanners have a very high potential in this context, providing an improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed image and the possibility to further increase the already very high sensitivity (at the pico-molar level) of PET scanners. If the present state-of-the art coincidence time resolution of about 500 ps can be improved, it will open the way in particular to a significant reduction of the dose injected to the patient, and consequently, to the possibility to extend the use of PET scans to new categories of patients. This paper will describe the systematic approach followed by a number of researchers worldwide to push the limits of TOFPET imaging to the sub-100 ps level. It will be shown that the possibility to reach 10 ps, although extremely challenging, is not limited by physical barriers and that a number of disruptive technologies are presently being investigated at the level of all the components of the detection chain to gain at least a factor of 10 as compared to the present state-of-the-art. more... |
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Low Power and Small Area, 6.9 ps RMS Time-to-Digital Converter for 3-D Digital SiPMby Nicolas Roy, Frédéric Nolet, Frédérik Dubois, Marc-Olivier Mercier, Réjean Fontaine, and Jean-François Pratte Time-of-flight measurements are becoming essential to the advancement of several fields, such as preclinical positron emission tomography and high energy physics. Recent developments in single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based detectors have spawned a great interest in digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPMs). To overcome the tradeoff between the photosensitive area and the processing capabilities in current 2-D dSiPM, we propose a novel 3-D digital SiPM, where the SPAD, designed for maximal photosensitive area, will be stacked in 3-D over the electronic circuits, designed in a CMOS node technology. All readout circuits will be implemented directly under the SPAD real estate, including quenching circuit, time-to-digital converter (TDC) and digital readout electronics. This paper focusses on the TDC element of this system, designed in TSMC CMOS 65 nm. This ring oscillator-based Vernier TDC requires only 25 × 50 µm2 and 160 µW, and achieves 6.9 ps rms timing accuracy. more... |
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Data Acquisition for a Preclinical MR Compatible PET Insert Using the OpenPET Platformby Andrew L. Goertzen, Ravi Shrestha, Muhammad Salman Khan, Greg Stortz, Daryl Bishop, Piotr Kozlowski, Fabrice Retière, Jonathan D. Thiessen, Christopher J. Thompson, and Vesna Sossi OpenPET has recently been developed as a modular, flexible data acquisition (DAQ) platform for nuclear imaging applications. We present a description of the system architecture and DAQ implementation using OpenPET for a small animal positron emission tomography (PET) insert designed for hybrid PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 7T. The PET insert consists of 16 silicon photomultiplier-based detector modules, creating a total of 64 analog channels. The OpenPET system used consisted of four 16 channel detector boards connected to one support board (SB), in turn connected to a Host PC via a USB2.0 interface. Both detector and SBs contain field-programmable gate arrays, allowing customized firmware for both. The initial OpenPET firmware release allowed data capture in oscilloscope mode only, limiting data collection to a system single events rate of 18.8 kcps. Customized firmware changes were implemented in four revisions, resulting in a final version using an 8 byte data packet and supporting a system single events rate of > 4.5 Mcps. Noise equivalent count rate (NECR) results are presented for each firmware revision, showing improvement from peak NECR of 1.0 kcps @ 0.6 MBq to 19.5 kcps @ 15.3 MBq. The final version of the firmware enables its routine use in small animal PET/MRI. more... |
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X-Ray Acoustic-Based Dosimetry Using a Focused Ultrasound Transducer and a Medical Linear Acceleratorby Jeesu Kim, Eun-Yeong Park, Yuhan Jung, Byoung Chul Kim, Joong Hyun Kim, Chul-Young Yi, In Jung Kim, and Chulhong Kim High-energy ionizing radiation therapy is a highly effective method for destroying cancer cells. Monitoring the dose distribution during radiation therapy is extremely important to deliver an optimal X-ray dose to diseased areas and minimize radiation exposure to adjacent healthy tissues. Here, we present an X-ray acoustic (XA) dosimetry system that successfully combines a spherically focused ultrasound (US) transducer with a medical linear accelerator. The system can be potentially utilized in clinical radiation therapy as an intratherapy dosimetry tool. The measured XA signal showed good correlation with the water-absorbed dose measured with conventional dosimetry. We acquired the absorbed X-ray dose distribution in a lead sample by mechanically scanning the focused US transducer. The lateral spatial resolution of the XA signal was 2.1 ± 0.5 mm, and signal-to-noise ratio of the signal was maintained with 100-mm penetration depth, whereas that of a laser-driven photoacoustic signal was exponentially decreased. more... |
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Calibration for Circular Cone-Beam CT Based on Consistency Conditionsby Jérôme Lesaint, Simon Rit, Rolf Clackdoyle, and Laurent Desbat In cone-beam computed tomography (CT), imprecise knowledge of the acquisition geometry can severely impact the quality of the reconstructed image. This paper investigates geometric calibration using data consistency conditions (DCCs). Unlike the usual marker-based off-line methods, the proposed method does not require the extra-scan of a calibration phantom. It is based on the minimization of a cost function, which measures the inconsistency between pairs of projections. The method has been applied to both simulated and real data. The latter were acquired from a micro-CT system with circular trajectory, for which the problem reduces to identifying global misalignments of the system. When compared to uncorrected reconstruction, the method significantly improved the image quality. When compared to marker-based calibration method, the image quality was similar but no calibration scan was required. Finally, the method can handle axially truncated data. Axial truncation is very common in the medical context but often considered intractable for DCC-based methods. We also demonstrate DCC calibration from real data with axial truncation. more... |
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A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE NUCLEAR AND PLASMA SCIENCES SOCIETY |
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| NOVEMBER 2017 | VOLUME 1 | NUMBER 6 | ITRPFI | (SSN 2469-7311) | ||
TOPICAL REVIEW Pushing the Limits in Time-of-Flight PET Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. Lecoq SCINTILLATORS AND DETECTORS Low Power and Small Area, 6.9 ps RMS Time-to-Digital Converter for 3-D Digital SiPM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. Roy, F. Nolet, F. Dubois, M.-O. Mercier, R. Fontaine, and J.-F. Pratte CAMERA DESIGN AND IMAGING PERFORMANCE Data Acquisition for a Preclinical MR Compatible PET Insert Using the OpenPET Platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. L. Goertzen, R. Shrestha, M. S. Khan, G. Stortz, D. Bishop, P. Kozlowski, F. Retière, J. D. Thiessen, C. J. Thompson, and V. Sossi IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AND DATA PROCESSING A Framework for Iterative Reconstruction in Phase-Contrast Computed Tomography Dedicated to the Breast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Sarno, B. Golosio, P. Russo, F. Arfelli, R. Bellazzini, A. Brez, F. Brun, P. Delogu, F. Di Lillo, D. Dreossi, C. Fedon, R. Longo, G. Mettivier, P. Oliva, L. Rigon, G. Spandre, and G. Tromba Fourier-Domain Analysis of the Iterative Landweber Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. L. Zeng and Y. Li Calibration for Circular Cone-Beam CT Based on Consistency Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Lesaint, S. Rit, R. Clackdoyle, and L. Desbat RADIATION THERAPY Toward Pulse by Pulse Dosimetry Using an SC CVD Diamond Detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. J. Velthuis, R. F. Page, T. M. Purves, L. Beck, M. A. M. Hanifa, and R. P. Hugtenburg X-Ray Acoustic-Based Dosimetry Using a Focused Ultrasound Transducer and a Medical Linear Accelerator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. Kim, E.-Y. Park, Y. Jung, B. C. Kim, J. H. Kim, C.-Y. Yi, I. J. Kim, and C. Kim PLASMA MEDICINE Comparison on the Absolute Concentrations of Hydroxyl and Atomic Oxygen Generated by Five Different Nonequilibrium Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Y. Yue, X. Pei, and X. Lu 2017 INDEX |
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