Skip to Content Skip to Navigation

Nuclear & Plasma Sciences Society

History of NSS

No. Year Location Dates Conference Title General Chair Notes
1 1954 Chicago, IL October 6 – 7 National Annual Meeting of the Institute of Radio Engineers Professional Group on Nuclear Science Chairman: Theodore Fields, V.A. Hospital, Hines, IL Hotel Sherman. Registration $ 3.00 (Members) $ 4.00 (Non-Members) Guided Tour of Argonne National Lab.
2 1955 Oak Ridge, TN September 14 – 16 Second Annual National Meeting of the Institute of Radio Engineers  Professional Group on Nuclear Science Chairman: Harold E. Walchli, ORNL Meeting at Ridge Hall, Hotels and Motels in Knoxville.
3 1956 Pittsburg, PA September 20 – 21 Third Annual PGNS Meeting Chairman: J. N. Grace
4 1957 New York, NY October 31 – November 1 Fourth Annual PGNS Meeting ? Henry Hudson Hotel. Registration 120. First Award given – Best Paper for 1956 ($ 200) award.
5 1958 San Mateo, CA November 6 – 7 Fifth Annual National Meeting of the PGNS Chairman: Malcolm Ogle, General Electric
6 1959 Boston, MA November 19 – 20 Sixth Annual National Meeting of the PGNS Chairman: H. F. Stoddart, Atomium Corp Somerset Hotel
7 1960 Gatlinburg, TN October 3 – 5 Seventh Annual National Meeting Solid State Radiation Detectors Chairman: Robert G. Affel, ORNL R. F. Shea, Editor
8 1961 Las Vegas, NV October 23 – 27 International Symposium on Aerospace Nuclear Propulsion (Eighth Annual Meeting of the PGNS) Chairman: R. E. Finnegan, LRL Hotel Riviera
9 1962 Detroit, MI October 15 – 19 International Symposium on Space Phenomena and Measurement [Ninth Annual Meeting IRE-PTGNS] Chairman: W. A. HiginbothamR. F. Shea, Editor Statler-Hilton
10 1963 San Diego, CA October 29 – November 1 International Symposium on Plasma Phenomena and Measurement IEEE PTGNS Tenth Anniversary Meeting R. F. Shea, Editor El Cortez Hotel, First AIEE and IRE (IEEE) in one joint activity
11 1964 Philadelphia, PA October 28 – 30 11th Nuclear Science Symposium Instrumentation In Space and Laboratory” General Chairman: Louis Costrell, NBS Philadelphia Sheraton Hotel
12 1965 San Francisco, CA October 18 – 20 12th Annual Nuclear Science Symposium General Chairman: John Kennedy
13 1966 Boston, MA October 19 – 21 13th Nuclear Science Symposium, Instrumentation in Space and Laboratory” General Chairman: Louis Costrell, NBS
14 1967 Los Angeles, CA October 31 – November 2 14th Nuclear Science Symposium General Chairman: J. Forester, GE/NED
15 1968 Montreal, Canada October 23 – 25 15th Nuclear Science Symposium General Chairman: J. M. Harrar First meeting outside USA
16 1969 San Francisco, CA n.d.g. 16th Nuclear Science Symposium and 1st Nuclear Power Systems Engineering Symposium General Chairman: J. Forster, General Electric No hotel given
17 1970 New York, NY November 4 – 6 17th Nuclear Science Symposium and 2nd Nuclear Power Systems Symposium NSS General Chairman: J. A. Coleman, NBS

NPSS General Chairman: J. Forster, GE/San Jose
18 1971 San Francisco, CA November 3 – 5 18th Nuclear Science Symposium and 3rd Nuclear Power Systems Symposium NSS General Chairman: A. J. Stripeika, LLL

NPSS Symposium Chairman: J. Forster, GE/NPGCD

 Sheraton-Palace, Attendance 820, Papers 139
19 1972 Miami, FL December 6 – 8 19th Nuclear Science Symposium and 4th Nuclear Power Systems Symposium NSS General Chairman: W. W. Managan, ANL

NPSS General Chairman: H. A. Thomas, Gulf Electronic Systems

 Deauville Hotel; Process to merge with SSCS (Spring Meeting) began.
20 1973 San Francisco, CA November 14 – 16 20th Nuclear Science Symposium and 5th Nuclear Power Systems Symposium NSS General Chairman: H. W. Van Ness, LLL

NPSS General Chairman: J. F. Osborn, General Electric

 Sheraton-Palace, 1000 registrants, 300 exhibits only registrants
21 1974 Washington, DC. December 11 – 13 21st Nuclear Science Symposium and 14th Scintilation and Semiconductor Counter Symposium and 6th Nuclear Power Systems Symposium NSS SCS General Chairman: D. C. Cook, NRL

NPSS General Chairman: H. A. Thomas, General Atomic

 First time NSS, SSCS and NPSS held together; Shoreham Americana, Attendees 700
22 1975 San Francisco, CA November 19 – 21 22nd Nuclear Science Symposium and 7th Nuclear Power Systems Symposium NSS General Chairman: R. S. Larson, SLAC

NPSS General Chairman: J. Forster, General Electric

 Sheraton Palace
23 1976 New Orleans, LA October 20 – 22 1976 Nuclear Science Symposium and Scintillation and Semiconductor Counter Symposium – 1976 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS and SSCS General Chairman: D. C. Cook, NRL

NPS Chairman: E. A. Corte, General Atomic

 Braniff Place Hotel
24 1977 San Francisco, CA October 19 – 21 1977 Nuclear Science Symposium 1977 Nuclear Power Systems Symposium NSS General Chairman: F. A. Kirsten, LBL

SNPS General Chairman: J. Forster, General Electric

 NPSS name changed to SNPS; Sheraton Palace Hotel; First mention of Short Courses; Photos of events and participants, T-shirts
25 1978 Washington, DC October 18 – 20 1978 Nuclear Science Symposium1978 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: J. H. Trainor, NASA/GSFC

SNPS General Chairman: E. A. Corte, General Atomic

 Ladies Program renamed Spouses ProgramShoreham-Americana Hotel
26 1979 San Francisco, CA October 17 – 19 1979 Nuclear Science Symposium1979 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: L. J. Wagner, LBL

SNPS General Chairman: J. Forster, General Electric

 Sheraton Palace Hotel; 800 registrants, 21 invited papers, 142 (NSS) & 17 (SNPS) contributed papers, 22 meeting sessions
27 1980 Orlando, FL November 5 – 7 1980 Nuclear Science Symposium1980 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: J. A. Martin, ORNL

SNPS General Chairman: E. A. Corte, Gamma-Metrics

 Sheraton-Twin Towers Hotel
28 1981 San Francisco, CA n.d.g. 1981 Nuclear Science Symposium1981 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: Paul L. Phelps, Jr., LLNL

SNPS General Chairman: J. Forster, Quadrex

 Sheraton-Palace Hotel; registration 857
29 1982 Washington, DC n.d.g. 1982 Nuclear Science Symposium1982 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: James H. Trainor, NASA/GSFC

SNPS General Chairman: William W. Managen, TEC

 Shoreham Hotel; Five Parallel sessions at all times. 200 papers. Video tape as an AV aid debuts in oral and poster sessions
30 1983 San Francisco, CA October 19 – 21 1983 Nuclear Science Symposium1983 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: R. Carroll Maninger, LLNL

SNPS General Chairman: J. Forster, Quadrex Corporation

 Sheraton-Palace Hotel
31 1984 Orlando, FL October 31 – November 2 1984 Nuclear Science Symposium1984 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: L. C. Oakes, ORNL

SNPS General Chairman: B. M. Rice, Duke Power

 IEEE CentennialSheraton-Twin Towers; Centennial Medals presented
32 1985 San Francisco, CA October 23 – 25 1985 Nuclear Science Symposium1985 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: R. S. Larson, SLAC

SNPS General Chairman: J. Forster, Quadrex Corporation

 1985 Symposium dedicated to Alex J. Stripeka, who died September 4, 1985; special effort to try some innovations – expanded Plenary Sessions, Topical Sessions; expanded activities in Exhibits, social functions (Exhibits, and a Committee reception)
33 1986 Washington, DC October 29 – 31 1986 Nuclear Science Symposium1986 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: D. E. Stilwell, NASA/GSFC

SNPS General Chairman, F. W. Manning, Consultant

 No hotel given; new paper review process went into effect
34 1987 San Francisco, CA October 21 – 23 1987 Nuclear Science Symposium1987 Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems NSS General Chairman: Frederick A. Kirsten, LBL

SNPS General Chairman: J. Forster, Quadrex

 No hotel given; NSS luncheon honored Lou Costrell; Spouses program renamed Highlights program
35 1988 Orlando, FL November 9 – 11 1988 Nuclear Science Symposium NSS General Chairman: Ed Barsotti, FNAL No hotel given [What happened to SNPS?]
36 1989 San Francisco, CA 1990 1989 Nuclear Science Symposium NSS General Chair: Paul Phelps, LLNL

Assistant General Chair: Lee Wagner, LBL

Nuclear Power Symposium Chairman: Jay Forster, Quadrex

 The first IEEE Symposium to be postponed because of an Earthquake – meeting held in 1990, San Francisco Hilton .; first issue with author’s camera-ready submissions
37 1990 Arlington, VA October 22 – 27 1990 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium including Sessions on Nuclear Power Systems and Medical Imaging Conference General Chair: Donald E. Stilwell, NASA/GSFC Hyatt Regency-Crystal City, MIC started. Conference Record started
38 1991 Santa Fe, NM November 2 – 9 1991 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference General Chair: Roger Gearhart, SLAC Sessions and courses in Eldorado and Hilton hotels, Exhibits in Sweeney Convention Center. Accommodations spread over 8 hotels. Paul Phelps received the Shea award.
39 1992 Orlando, FL October 25 – 31 1992 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC ’92) General Chairman: John W. Dawson, ANL

Deputy Chairman: Kathleen Turner, FNAL

 Orlando Hyatt
40 1993 San Francisco, CA October 30 – November 6 1993 Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS-MIC ’93) General Chairman: Ed Lampo, LBL Sheraton Palace Hotel; Membership Chairman (Vernon Price) added; Highlights program renamed Companion program
41 1994 Norfolk, VA October 30 – November 5 1994 Nuclear Science Symposium & Medical Imaging Conference General Chairman: Lowell Klaisner, SLAC Norfolk Waterside Marriott, Attendance 815.
42 1995 San Francisco, CA October 21 – 28 1995 Nuclear Science Symposium & Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC) General Chairman: Guy Armantrout, LLNL Airport Hyatt Regency Hotel
43 1996 Anaheim, CA November 3 – 9 1996 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium & Medical Imaging Conference General Chairman: Orhan Nalcioglu, U.C. Irvine Anaheim Marriott Hotel
44 1997 Albuquerque, NM November 9 – 15 1997 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference including Sessions on Nuclear Power Systems General Chairman: Roger Gearhart, SLAC Albuquerque Convention Center; DoubleTree Hotel; Conference Record becomes CD-ROM only. Snow storm.NSS Program Chairman: Jim Brau, University of Oregon;NSS Deputy Program Chairman: Craig Woody, BNLMIC Program Chairman: Tom Lewellen, University of Washington;MIC Deputy Program Chairman: Mitch Kaplan, University of Washington.
45 1998 Toronto, Canada November 8 – 14 1998 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference General Chairman: Craig L. Woody, BNL Westin Harbour Castle HotelNSS Program Chairman: Stan Majewski, Jefferson LabNSS Deputy Program Chairman: Howard Fenke, Jefferson Lab;MIC Program Chairman: Les Rogers, Univ. Michigan;MIC Deputy Program Chairman: Neal Clinthorne, Univ. Michigan
46 1999 Seattle, WA October 24 – 30 1999 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference General Chairman: Orhan Nalcioglu, U.C. Irvine

Deputy General Chair: Werner Roeck, UC-Irvine

 Westin Seattle HotelNSS Program Chair: Alberto Del Guerra, University of Pisa;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Guido Zavattini, University of Ferrara;MIC Program Chair: Grant Gullberg, University of Utah;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Larry Zeng, University of Utah
47 2000 Lyon, France October 15 – 20 2000 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference including Sessions on Nuclear Power Systems General Chairman: Patrick Le Du, CEA Saclay First time in Europe; Lyon Convention CentreNSS Chairman: Chris Damerell, RAL;NSS Co-Chairman: Nigel Smith, RAL;MIC Chairman: Stig Larsson, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm;MIC Co-Chairman: Christian Bohm, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm
48 2001 San Diego, CA November 4 – 10 2001 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium General Chairman: Anthony Lavietes, LLNL Town and Country Resort & Convention CenterNSS Program Chair: Graham Smith, BNLNSS Deputy Program Chair: Bo Yu, BNL;MIC Program Chair: Benjamin M. W. Tsui, UNC-Chapel Hill;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Eric C. Frey, UNC-Chapel Hill
49 2002 Norfolk, VA November 10 – 16 2002 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference including the Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems General  Chair: Joel Karp, U. Penn Norfolk Waterside Marriott Hotel & Convention Center; Sheraton Norfolk Waterside HotelNSS Program Co-Chairs: Nigel Lockyer and Rick Van Berg, University of Pennsylvania;MIC Program Co-Chairs: Paul Kinahan and Robert Miyaoka, University of Washington
50 2003 Portland, OR October 19 – 25 2003 Nuclear Science Symposium Medical Imaging Conference and 13th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors and Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems General Chair: Ralph B. James, BNL Doubletree Hotel Portland – Hayden Island ComplexNSS Program Chair: Uwe Bratzler, CERN;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Maxim Titov, DESY;MIC Program Chair: Michael King, University of Mass., Medical School;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Stephen Glick, University of Mass., Medical School
51 2004 Rome, Italy October 16 – 22 2004 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Medical Imaging Conference 14th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma-Ray Detectors General Chair: Alberto Del Guerra, University of Pisa Ergife Palace HotelNSS Program Chair: Fabio Sauli, CERN;NSS Program Deputy Chair: Archana Sharma, CERN;MIC Program Chair: Sibylle Ziegler, TUMMIC Deputy Program Chair: Michel Defrise, Vrije University Brussels
52 2005 Puerto Rico October 23 – 29 2005 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference General Chair: Tom K. Lewellen, University of Washington Wyndham El Conquistador ResortNSS Program Chair: Richard Lanza, MIT;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Lorenzo Fabris, LLNL;MIC Program Chair: Simon Cherry, UC-Davis;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Ramsey Badawi, UC-Davis
53 2006 San Diego, CA October 29 – November 4 2006 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Medical Imaging Conference and 15th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma Ray Detectors General Chair: Graham C. Smith, BNL Town & Country Resort & Convention CenterNSS Program Chair: Chuck Britton, ORNL;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Vince Cianciolo, ORNL;MIC Program Chair: John Aarsvold, Emory Univ.;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Bruce Hasegawa, UC-SF
54 2007 Honolulu, HI October 27 – November 3 2007 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium & Medical Imaging Conference General Chair: Benjamin M. W. Tsui, Johns Hopkins

Deputy General Chair: Ronald J. Jaszczak, Duke

 Hilton Hawaiian Village Beach Resort & SpaNSS Program Chair: Ren-Yuan Zhu, Caltech;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Liyuan Zhang, Caltech;MIC Program Chair: Eric C. Frey, Johns Hopkins;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Magnus Dahlbom, UCLA
55 2008 Dresden, Germany October 19 – 25 2008 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Medical Imaging Conference & 16th International Workshop  on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detectors General Chair: Uwe Bratzler, CERN & TMU

Deputy General Chair:Roger Gearhart, SLAC

 Maritim Hotel & International Congress CenterNSS Program Chair: Rolf-Dieter Heuer, DESY;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Maxim Titov, CEA;MIC Chair: Wolfgang Enghardt, Oncoray;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Sibylle I Ziegler, TUM
56 2009 Orlando, FL  October 25 – 31  2009 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference General Chair: Richard Lanza, MIT

Deputy General Chair: Anthony Lavietes, LLNL

 Hilton Disney World;IEEE 125th Anniversary1785 attendeesNSS Program Chair: Lorenzo Fabris, ORNL;NSS Deputy Program Chair: William Craig, UC-Berkeley;MIC Program Chair Ramsey Badawi, UC-Davis;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Craig Levin, Stanford
57 2010 Knoxville, TN  October 30 – November 6 2010 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, and Medical Imaging Conference, and 17th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: Ronald M. Keyser, ORTEC Knoxville Convention Center1985 attendeesNSS Program Chair: John Valentine, SAIC;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Tim Devol, Clemson;MIC Program Chair: David Townsend, National University of Singapore;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Charles Watson, Siemens
58 2011 Valencia, Spain  October 23 – 29  2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, and Medical Imaging Conference, and 18th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: David Townsend, National University of Singapore Valencia Convention Center and rooms at the Sorolla and Meliá Hotels used for posters and various oral sessionsConference Dedicated to Juan Antonio Rubio 1944 – 20102260 attendeesNSS Program Chair: Paul Lecoq, CERN;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Faustino Gomez, University of Santiago;MIC Program Chair: Alberto Del Guerra, University of Pisa;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Juan J. Vaquero, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
59 2012 Anaheim, CA  October 27 – November 3  2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, and Medical Imaging Conference, and 19th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors  General Chair: Tom K. Lewellen, University of Washington; Disneyland HotelNSS Program Chair: Maxim Titov, CEA;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Ingrid-Maria Gregor, DESY;MIC Program Chair: Vesna Sossi, University of British Columbia;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Alex Converse, University of Wisconsin-Madison
60 2013 Seoul, Korea  October 27 – November 2  2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, and Medical Imaging Conference, and 20th International Workshop on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: Hee-Joung Kim, Yonsei UniversityDeputy General Chair: Steve Meikle, Sydney University First time in Asia/PacificCOEX, Convention Center, SeoulNSS 60th Anniversary2369 attendeesNSS Program Chair: Gyuseong Cho, KAIST;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Ikuo Kanno, Kyoto University;MIC Program Chair: Jae Sung Lee, Seoul National University;

MIC Deputy Program Chair: Craig Levin, Stanford
61 2014  Seattle, WA  November 8 – 15  2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, and Medical Imaging Conference, and 21st International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor Detectors General Chair: Anthony Lavietes, LLNL

Deputy General Chair: Ed Lampo, LBL (Retd.)

 Washington State Convention CenterNSS Program Chair: Ingrid-Maria Gregor, DESY;NSS Deputy Program Chair: Adam Bernstein, LLNLMIC Program Chair: Georges El-Fakhri, Harvard Medical School;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Katia Parodi, Ludwig Maximillians University
62 2015  San Diego, CA  October 31 – November 7  2015 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, & Medical Imaging Conference, and 22nd International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: Vesna Sossi, University of British Columbia

Deputy General Chair: Tom Lewellen, University of Washington

 Town and Country HotelNSS Program Chair: John Valentine, LBNLNSS Deputy Program Chair: Chiara Guazzoni, Politecbico di Milano & INFN;MIC Program Chair: Adam Alessio, University of Washington;MIC Deputy Program Chair: Lawrence MacDonald, University of Washington
63 2016 Strasburg, France October 29 – November 5 2016 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, & Medical Imaging Conference, and 22nd International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: Maxim Titov, CEA Saclay, France

Deputy General Chair: Patrick Le Dû, CNRS/IN2P3, France
64 2017 Atlanta, GA October 21 – 28 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, & Medical Imaging Conference, and 22nd International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: John Aarsvold, Emery University

Deputy General Chair: Ralf Engels, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
65 2018 Sydney, Australia November 10 – 17 2018 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, & Medical Imaging Conference, and 22nd International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: Anatoly Rozenfeld

Deputy General Chair: Ralf Engels, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
66 2019 Manchester, England October 26 – November 2 2019 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, & Medical Imaging Conference, and 22nd International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: Paul Marsden, King’s College London

Deputy General Chair: Patrick Le Dû, IPN Lyon
67 2020 Virtual Conference (Boston) October 31 – November 7 2020 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, & Medical Imaging Conference, and 22nd International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: Lorenzo Fabris, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
68 2021 Virtual Conference (Yokohama) October 16 – 23 2021 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, & Medical Imaging Conference, and 22nd International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: Ikuo Kanno

Deputy General Chair: Ralf Engels, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
69 2022 Milan, Italy November 5 – 12 2022 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, & Medical Imaging Conference, and 22nd International Symposium on Room-Temperature Semiconductor X-ray and Gamma-ray Detectors General Chair: Chiara Guazzoni

Deputy General Chair: Ralf Engels, Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
70 2023 Vancouver, Canada

NOTE: In compiling the records of the history of the IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium my primary sources have been the IRE Transactions on Nuclear Science (1954 – 1962); the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (1963 to date) and, since 1990 the Conference Record.  Thanks go to the people who found copies of the old journals, especially Ralf Engels and the FZJ library, Magnus Dahlbom and the University of California Los Angeles library, Walt Hensley and the PNNL library, and Stephan Friedrich and the LLNL library. In many cases I am indebted to the diligence of past Guest Editors who faithfully recorded highlights of the meeting.

M. J. Keyser, Oak Ridge, 2009