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| T-NS Home | Editorial Board | T-NS in IEEE Xplore | Early Access | Manuscript Submission | ||
| DECEMBER 2017 FEATURE ARTICLES - THESE ARE OPEN ACCESS FOR A LIMITED TIME | ||
New Algorithms for Improved Digital Pulse Arrival Timing With Sub-GSps ADCsby William K. Warburton and Wolfgang Hennig The ability to measure pulse times of arrival with resolutions at or below 100 ps is becoming increasingly desirable in various fields, typically for signals originating from photon detectors such as photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) or silicon photo-multipliers. Achieving the best results has typically required digitizing signals at rates between 4 and 20 giga-samples/second (GSps), followed by off-line processing, since such in-line processing technologies as digital signal processors and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) cannot handle the data rates. For multichannel applications, the cost of GSps digitizers also becomes an issue. In this paper, we present two new methods for achieving similar time resolutions that are designed for FPGA in-line implementations operating with digitizers running at 250-500 mega-samples/second (MSps), approximately a factor of ten times slower. The first method uses a modified sinc function to interpolate the arriving pulse twice, once to precisely estimate its maximum M and once on its leading edge to locate the constant fraction point f⋅M as the pulse's arrival time. The second method takes the ratio of two points captured from a rapidly changing region of the pulse, either on its leading edge or near its peak, and uses this ratio with a preconstructed lookup table to generate the arrival time. We examine the algorithms' improved timing capability by comparing their coincidence timing resolutions to those from three standard algorithms, all applied to three data sets of pulses with different characteristics. At 500 MSps, the interpolation technique achieves about 7-ps full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) for an analog trigger pulse split between two ADC channels; for a fast laser pulse illuminating two ADIT L25D19 PMTs, better than 50-ps FWHM, and at 250 MSps, for two ϕ 25 mm ×25 mm LaBr3 crystals exposed to 60Co, 137-ps FWHM for gamma rays in a 0.95- and 1.33-MeV window. more... |
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Development of the "GP2" Detector: Modification of the PImMS CMOS Sensor for Energy-Resolved Neutron Radiographyby D. E. Pooley, J. W. L. Lee, M. Brouard, J. J. John, W. Kockelmann, N. J. Rhodes, E. M. Schooneveld, I. Sedgwick, R. Turchetta, and C. Vallance This paper reports on the development and commissioning of the GP2 detector. GP2 was developed to address the requirement for a high-resolution event-mode imaging detector, for application in energy-resolved neutron radiography. The name GP2 derives from the use of gadolinium as a neutron conversion material, combined with a second-generation mass spectrometry sensor known as PImMS2. Theoretical and measured characteristics of GP2 are compared, with emphasis on the usability and functionality of the detector. The development of the detector has been steered by a design philosophy which was established to ensure that the detector has unique and novel impact. The motivation and consequences of the design philosophy are discussed. The key parameters reported are the neutron detection efficiency (7.5% at 2.5 Å), gamma sensitivity (1.5 × 10-3), and a spatial resolution (modulation transfer function at 10%) of 6.4 lp/mm for a 4-μm-thick natural gadolinium neutron converter film. more... |
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A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE NUCLEAR AND PLASMA SCIENCES SOCIETY |
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| DECEMBER 2017 | VOLUME 64 | NUMBER 12 | IETNAE | (SSN 0018-9499) | ||
REGULAR PAPERS RADIATION EFFECTS Total Dose Effects and Bias Instabilities of (NH4)2S Passivated Ge MOS Capacitors With HfxZr1−xOy Thin Films . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Y. Mu, Y. Fang, C. Z. Zhao, C. Zhao, Q. Lu, Y. Qi, R. Yi, L. Yang, I. Z. Mitrovic, S. Taylor, and P. R. Chalker 65-nm CMOS Front-End Channel for Pixel Readout in the HL-LHC Radiation Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. Ratti, L. Gaioni, M. Manghisoni, V. Re, E. Riceputi, and G. Traversi Monte Carlo Reliability Model for Single-Event Transient on Combinational Circuits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. Liu and L. Cai RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION
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