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| FEATURED STORIES - JULY 2017 | ||
"Mechanisms of Plasma Medicine: Coupling Plasma Physics, Biochemistry, and Biology"by David B. Graves Low temperature plasma (LTP) has emerged in the last decade as a novel and promising therapy for wound and skin decontamination, promotion of wound healing, cancer remission, control of wound-resident multidrug resistant bacteria, and dental and cosmetic applications, among others. Progress has been rapid in developing clinically useful devices and many studies are underway worldwide. Mechanisms of plasma therapeutics are beginning to be understood but much remains to be explored. This review focuses on mechanisms coupling the physics and chemistry of LTPs to medically relevant biochemistry and biology.more... |
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"Development of a Whole-Body Dual Ring OpenPET for in-Beam PET"by Eiji Yoshida, Hideaki Tashima, Tetsuya Shinaji, Keiji Shimizu, Hidekatsu Wakizaka, Akram Mohammadi, Fumihiko Nishikido, and Taiga Yamaya For in-beam positron emission tomography (PET), which is an in situ monitoring method for charged particle therapy, we developed the world's first open-type PET system "OpenPET." Following our previous studies for small prototypes, in this paper, we finally developed a whole-body dual ring OpenPET (WBDROP). This scanner has two separated rings. Each ring has two detector rings of 40 detector blocks, each of which has the capability of 4-layer depth-of-interaction identification. The ring diameter is 66 cm, and the adjustable open gap is fixed as 9 cm. We found that the system sensitivity was 4.4%. The average spatial resolution, which was measured through filtered back projection, was about 3.5 mm. For in-beam PET, imaging performance was confirmed through phantom experiments. Phantom study results with 11C beam and 10C beam irradiations of about 3 Gy showed that the beam stopping position in the target could be measured with a precision of better than 2 mm. The developed WBDROP promises high performance for in-beam PET imaging.more... |
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"Accurate Transaxial Region-of-Interest Reconstruction in Helical CT?"by Rolf Clackdoyle, Frédéric Noo, Fabien Momey, Laurent Desbat, and Simon Rit In conventional helical computed tomography (CT), the field-of-view is a cylinder centered on the axis of the helix. Here, we consider the situation where all measurement lines are blocked except those intersecting a small cylindrical region-of-interest (ROI) not necessarily centered on the axis of the system. We address the question of image reconstruction inside the ROI. The patient boundary is assumed known, and we avoid the "interior problem" by assuming that the ROI includes part of the patient boundary. By applying analytic image reconstruction theory, we show that the entire cylindrical ROI can be reconstructed provided the pitch of the helix does not violate the well-known Tam-Danielsson detector condition. Using an iterative algorithm, we performed ROI reconstruction from simulated phantom data and from real patient data, and compared the results with full-field reconstructions. Visually, the ROI reconstructed images perfectly matched the full-field reconstructions. However, there were small quantitative discrepancies near the interior boundaries of the ROIs, which we attribute to the known reduced stability at one side of the inverse truncated Hilbert transform. In conclusion, we have demonstrated mathematically that accurate transverse ROI reconstruction is possible for helical CT, although care must be taken near the interior boundary to achieve quantitative accuracy. more... |
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"NEMA NU-4 Performance Evaluation of the IRIS PET/CT Preclinical Scanner"by Nicola Belcari, Niccolò Camarlinghi, Stefano Ferretti, Patricia Iozzo, Daniele Panetta, Piero A. Salvadori, Giancarlo Sportelli, and Alberto Del Guerra This paper presents the performance assessment study of the PET component of the IRIS PET/CT according to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association NU 4-2008 standard. The IRIS PET/CT is a high-resolution integrated system for PET and CT imaging of small animals. We evaluated the performance of the PET system, carrying out the following measures: spatial resolution, sensitivity, counting rate capabilities, and image quality parameters. Furthermore, two examples of in vivo experiments are shown. The average energy resolution for a whole module is 14% at 511 keV. The maximum absolute sensitivity for a point source at the center of the field-of-view is 8.0 ± 1.1% for 250-750 keV energy window and 6.6 ± 1.0% for 350-750 keV. The scatter fraction for mouse-like and rat-like phantoms are 15.6% (250-750 keV) and 22.4% (350-750 keV), respectively. Recovery coefficients were measured with the image-quality phantom, providing good results with an image uniformity of 7%. The imaging performance of the IRIS PET are confirmed in the animal experiments. With the IRIS PET/CT, it was possible to derive the time activity curve for various regions of interest with time frame duration down to 5 s, thus enabling the possibility to derive the tracer input function. more... |
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"Estimation of Local Data-Insufficiency in Motion-Corrected Helical CT"by Tao Sun, Rolf Clackdoyle, Jung-Ha Kim, Roger Fulton, and Johan Nuyts Previously we have proposed a reconstruction algorithm which corrects for known rigid motion in helical CT. This paper describes a method to determine data-insufficiency of helical CT data affected by rigid object motion. We propose a local measure that quantifies the degree to which Tuy’s completeness condition is violated in each voxel. This measure identifies regions for which artifact-free reconstruction is not assured. For every voxel, a local data-insufficiency measure is computed. We call the resulting image the Tuy map. Its values range from 0 to 1, where high values indicate data-insufficiency. As shown by classic theory, exact reconstruction is not possible, where the Tuy map contains high values. The predictions based on this Tuy map were verified with simulated helical-CT data, where the object moved during the scan and the motion was correctly taken into account during reconstruction. We also analyzed the reconstruction from an actual motion-corrected CT-scan of a moving phantom. For motion-free helical scans, the Tuy map was close to zero everywhere and the reconstructions were artifact-free. Rigid motion induces an effective source trajectory (with respect to a stationary patient) which, combined with axial or even transaxial truncation, can cause incomplete sampling. In simulations with severe motion or transaxial detector truncation, the Tuy map contained high values and the reconstructions suffered from artifacts. In the phantom scan, the combination of a high pitch and severe motion created artifacts which the Tuy map successfully indicated. In all cases, the Tuy map indicated all regions with incomplete sampling which were prone to reconstruction artifacts. However, we also contrived a special case, where exact reconstruction was not assured although the local Tuy condition was satisfied. The proposed method provides a useful measure of data-incompleteness, which can be used to verify the validity of motion-corrected helical CT scans. The method is general and could also be useful for other tomographic problems for which no exact data sufficiency measures are available. more... |
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A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE NUCLEAR AND PLASMA SCIENCES SOCIETY |
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| JULY 2017 | VOLUME 1 | NUMBER 4 | ITRPFI | (SSN 2469-7311) | ||
TOPICAL REVIEW Mechanisms of Plasma Medicine: Coupling Plasma Physics, Biochemistry, and Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. B. Graves CAMERA DESIGN AND IMAGING PERFORMANCE Development of a Whole-Body Dual Ring OpenPET for in-Beam PET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E. Yoshida, H. Tashima, T. Shinaji, K. Shimizu, H. Wakizaka, A. Mohammadi, F. Nishikido, and T. Yamaya NEMA NU-4 Performance Evaluation of the IRIS PET/CT Preclinical Scanner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N. Belcari, N. Camarlinghi, S. Ferretti, P. Iozzo, D. Panetta, P. A. Salvadori, G. Sportelli, and A. Del Guerra A Panel PET With Window: Design, Performance Evaluation, and Prototype Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B. Li, Q. Xie, Y. Guo, C. Zeng, S. Wang, R. Zheng, L. Wan, and P. Xiao Dose Volume Distribution in Digital Breast Tomosynthesis: A Phantom Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. Sarno, M. Masi, N. Antonelli, F. Di Lillo, G. Mettivier, R. Castriconi, and P. Russo Luminescence Imaging of Water During Irradiation of Beta Particles With Energy Lower Than Cerenkov-Light Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. Yamamoto IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION AND DATA PROCESSING Accurate Transaxial Region-of-Interest Reconstruction in Helical CT? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. Clackdoyle, F. Noo, F. Momey, L. Desbat, and S. Rit Estimation of Local Data-Insufficiency in Motion-Corrected Helical CT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. T. Sun, R. Clackdoyle, J.-H. Kim, R. Fulton, and J. Nuyts Feasibility Studies of a New Event Selection Method to Improve Spatial Resolution of Compton Imaging for Medical Applications . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E. Draeger, S. Peterson, D. Mackin, H. Chen, S. Beddar, and J. C. Polf PLASMA MEDICINE Nanosecond Pulsed Plasma Brush for Bacterial Inactivation on Laminate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. U. Neuber, S. Song, M. A. Malik, L. Heller, and C. Jiang |
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